Running 1:15:00 [2]
shoes: Blue & white adidas
sp-
Ran to Danehy Park and removed the flagging tape from yesterday's kids' course. 6 miles.
As I ran, I contemplated an article I read in Science [311:965] last night, "Reproductive Social Behavior: Cooperative Games to Replace Sexual Selection." It's a smack-down of Darwin's perhaps paternalistic/sexist model in which males are passionately profligate with their abundant sperm and females coyly pick out the male likely to generate the fittest offspring. The authors completely reject this model.
We think that the notion of females choosing the genetically best males is mistaken. Studies repeatedly show that females exert choice to increase number, not genetic quality, of offspring and not to express an arbitrary feminine aesthetic. Instead, we suggest that animals cooperate to rear the largest number of offspring possible, because offspring are investments held in common.
In game theory, the players make choices, and the payback/reward to each player is a function of both players' choices. I learned from the paper that what distinguishes cooperative games from competitive games is that you communicate with the other players in cooperative games, but there is no communication in competitive games. Communication includes threats, promises, side payments, and forming of coalitions.
My favorite part of the paper was the examples, particularly this one:
In the Eurasian oyster-catcher (Haematopus ostralegus), a sexually monomorphic wading bird common on mud-flats, some reproductive groups consist of threesomes with one male and two females, whereas most consist of one male and one female. The threesomes occur in two forms, aggressive and cooperative.
In an aggressive threesome, each female defends her own nest, and the male defends a territory encompassing both females. The females lay eggs about two weeks apart. The females attack each other frequently throughout the day. The male contributes most of his parental care to the first-laid eggs, leaving the second nest often unguarded.
In a cooperative threesome, the two females share one nest; both lay eggs in it together, about one day apart; and all three birds defend it together. The females mate with each other frequently during the day, only slightly less often than they do with the male. The females also sit together and preen their feathers together.
Calisthenics 50:00 [3]
weight:137lbs
"Core & More" class at my new fitness center. I was the only student in the class this morning, and I'm not sure if that was more or less mortifying than having other people in there with me. I used a "stability ball" for the first time and felt just a little silly. It was a tough workout for me. I expect I'll be pretty sore in the next day or two.