I don't know that much about bikes either, but I'd guess probably not, because once the price goes above 1-2k the improvements are incremental in things that aren't apparent to the naked eye like weight, quality of materials, and quality of components.
Though you could likely tell a 5 or 10k bike from the average bike simply by how "fancy" it looks. For example, carbon fiber hoop wheels and a more aerodynamically designed frame are generally giveaways (this bike is 7k):